Why Is Binge Drinking A Public Health Issue Essay

Why is binge drinking a public health issue? Definition Public health is the health of the population. These are organized measures to make sure every person in the world is prevented from disease, to help promote health. It’s the prolonging of life and promoting health through everyone working together in society. Health campaigns can be used to inform people of the negative effects binge drinking can have. Health promotions are the procedure of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health. These health promotions go beyond the focus on an individual and goes towards a wider range of interventions like social and environmental. How binge drinking is a public health issue Sexual assaults, dangerous driving, crimes and bad health are often associated to binge drinking. The NIH reported that up to 50% of all sexual assault cases such as rape involve alcohol consumption of either the predator or the victim. predator (NIH, National Institute on Alcohol abuse and Alcoholism.) When an individual is under the influence of alcohol they are less controlled of their bodies, they are less aware of what is happening around them and people are more likely to take advantage of people. Alcohol can make many people sexually aroused and aggressive and therefore more likely to take out a sexual act. Therefore, this is a public health issue because these kinds of offences can cause the victims that are affected to feel socially isolated, paranoid and a lack ofShow MoreRelatedBinge Drinking vs the Drinking Age Essays829 Words   |  4 Pages2013 Binge Drinking VS the Drinking Age Presidents of college campuses around the nation face issues of underage drinking and binge drinking on a regular basis and realizes that it is a danger and a problem. â€Å"Alcohol consumption is the third leading cause of death in the U.S., a major contributing factor to unintentional injuries, the leading cause of death for youths and young adults, and accounts for an estimated 75,000 or more deaths in the United States annually† (Wechsler 2010). Binge drinkingRead MoreThe Effects Of Binge Drinking On The Uk And The Health Problems1331 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Binge drinking is defined as people drinking plenty of alcohol in a short period of time or get drunk (NHS, 2014). In other words, binge drinking is drinking alcohol lead blood alcohol concentration (BAC) equal to or over 0.08g/dL. It means that when men drink more than 5 units of drinks and women have over 4 units of alcohol in around 2 hours is binge drinking.(NIH News,2014)Nowadays, binge drinking have a large proportion among youths in the UK, which lead to the health problems toRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol Poisoning On Australia1635 Words   |  7 PagesThis report is outlining the effects of alcohol poisoning. Describing what it is, why the report is required and a specific high risk group – young Australians ages 18-24. The benefit of this report will outline the main dangers of alcohol poisoning and why it’s a big problem in Australia. Alcohol poisoning in Western Australia alcohol caused 2.85% of total health problems for Australia, Costing the medical industry in Western Australia $379,689,476.83. This includes all the problems associatedRead More18 vs. 21: Drinking Age1389 Words   |  6 PagesWhy do people only want to change the drinking age from 21 to 18, when there are other activities that have limit of age such as marriage at 18, driving at 16 and 35 to be a president? Alcohol plays a major role in today society, which becomes a controversial issue among teens. Alcohol is a mind-altering chemical that is potentially more dangerous than any other drug and can be very destructive. For past few years, many people are trying to lower the drinking age without knowing the negative effectsRead MoreBinge Drinking Among College Students And Its Implications On The Society1462 Words   |  6 PagesBinge Drinking among College Students and Its Implications on the Society Binge drinking is a term used to describe a situation where women drink more than 4 bottles of alcohol in a row and men drink 5 or more bottles of alcohol in a row. It is taking too much alcohol in a short period. Alcohol is a substance that gradually produces an addiction in the body. Many college students use alcohol in recreational activities and parties. The alcohol gradually leads to addiction and causes a decline in theirRead MoreCausal Argument Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Causal Argument: Will Lowering the Drinking Age Solve the Problem of Binge Drinking among College Students? Research has supported the observation that young people in America consume alcohol regularly; this prevalence of use increases rapidly during adolescence, as well as a few years afterward (Wagenaar and Wolfson 37). This has come to be a problem among college students. It has been shown through extensive quantitative and qualitative research that those under twenty-one years of age areRead MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age Act1700 Words   |  7 Pagesthe National Minimum Drinking Age Act made all 50 states raise the legal drinking age to 21(Dejong). The debate is on whether the age should be lowered or not. Statistically, having the age at 21 has been very helpful in keeping the nation safe. If there is not an issue with age now, would it make sense to lower the age and create unnecessary problems? In this case, the negative effects outweigh the positive. Simply because there is no good in lowering the age. The legal drinking age has been set atRead MoreIncreasing The Legal Drinking Age Limit1502 Words   |  7 PagesIncreasing the Legal Drinking Age Limit According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), underage drinking is a leading public health problem in this country (NIH, 2016). The NIAAA also estimates that approximately 5,000 young people under the age of 21 die as a result of underage drinking (NIH. 2016). This includes about 1,900 deaths from motor vehicle crashes, 1,600 as a result of homicides, 300 from suicide (NIH. 2016). The National Minimum Drinking Age Act (NMDAA) wasRead MoreBang! A Soldier Just Got Shot, And Most Likely P Never1676 Words   |  7 Pagesfreedom of drinking? The drinking age was moved to the age of 21 in 1984 due to many drunk drivers. Now I think everyone gets the point not to drink and drive due to the serious consequences. If we lowered the drinking age underage drinking wouldn’t be as big. More money for our government will be made, therefore we can buy and reproduce more goods. The drinking age should be lowered, because it will stop binge drinking, you are cons idered an adult at age 18, and it helps colleges. Binge Drinking is whenRead MoreShould the Drinking Age be Lowered in the United States?1017 Words   |  5 Pagesdebate on the drinking age? The United States can take a look at other States such as: Germany, the Netherlands and France, and see how successful they are. Many teenagers would jump on the bandwagon of lowering the drinking age just because they want to have the ability to drink, the argument of being able to die for the United States but can’t drink and it would take away the â€Å"Forbidden Fruit† of drinking. Much of the older generations would jump on the bandwagon of keeping the drinking age the same

We all know that conventional wisdom tells us that...

We all know that conventional wisdom tells us that marijuana is illegal because it is a drug that can cause harm to you and those around you. But then why do so many people smoke marijuana? Why does California pass a law saying that having 28.5 grams, or one once, is a misdemeanor? Why did Colorado pass a law stating that the use of recreational marijuana was legal? I think that marijuana should be legal in the United States to use recreationally for many different reasons, such as economic benefits, health benefits and it is a better drug than those that are currently legal. The first of which is because it is safer than most drugs that people are already allowed to use, such as alcohol cigarettes. In an article written by CNN’s Dan†¦show more content†¦Although marijuana is a hallucinogen it does not have a highly addictive characteristic like other hallucinogens. In 2004 the National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that its short term effects include, but are not limited to: blood shot eyes, dry mouth and increased heart rate. Its long term effects include, but are not limited to: lower testosterone levels in men, and higher testosterone levels in women. When you compare this to other drug’s side affects you see that they are not so bad. The second reason would be to use it as a form of medical treatment. In Blurred Boundaries: The Therapeutics and Politics of Medical Marijuana, by Cr. J. Michael Bostwick, it is said that the body has a set of receptors, called endocannabinoid system, that â€Å"extends far and wide within the body as a physiologic modulator not only of the central nervous system but also of the autonomic nervous system, immune system, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive system, cardiovascular system, and endocrine network†(Bostwick, J.). This implies people with epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and post-traumatic stress disorder would be the best suitors for marijuana’s medical applications. A little girl in Colorado named Charlotte Figi was diagnosed with a genetic disease, known as Dravet Syndrome, in which she had multiple spasms that lasted many hours. By the time she was three months she had seizures that lasted for thirty minutes, and at the age of two sheShow MoreRelatedProposal Fo r Legalizing Industrial Hemp2349 Words   |  10 Pagesgovernment, in all its wisdom, treats hemp and marijuana in the same manner. Despite one offering no psychoactive effects (hemp) and the other offering psychoactive effects (marijuana), both are against the law. Several states have passed laws to allow the growing of hemp; however the federal government has stood firm on the ban for decades, and continues to do so. The time has come for the feds to update obsolete polices and get a dose of reality; it’s time to legalize industrial hemp. Did you know IndustrialRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesOxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Copyright  © 2003 by Ennis Barrington Edmonds The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or underRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesStates. 2. Information services— United States—Management. I. Moran, Barbara B. II. Title. Z678.S799 2007 025.1—dc22 2007007922 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright  © 2007 by Robert D. Stueart and Barbara B. Moran All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2007007922 ISBN: 978–1–59158–408–7 978–1–59158–406–3 (pbk.) First

Gender Roles and Marriage Free Essays

Compare and Contrast of Gender Roles and Marriage Gretchen Farricker ENG125: Introduction to Literature Instructor: Concetta Williams April 15, 2013 In this essay, I would like to compare and contrast gender roles and marriage and initially show through two literary works found in my text the differences and likenesses of each story, as they are being told to the audience essay writer typer. The initial stories that I have chosen to use for this essay are â€Å"The Necklace†, by Guy de Maupassant and also â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty†, by James Thurber. I will attempt to compare and contrast both stories and give the audience a brief synopsis, explaining the likenesses and differences and engaging the reader, whilst doing so. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender Roles and Marriage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gender roles and marriages can play an important role in literature. It can be one of the most influential ways that gender roles are constructed. Works of literature construct images of boys and girls and men and women. These works usually depict the girls and women doing housework, playing with dolls, and cooking. The men are usually depicted as sports players and lovers, providers, and figures that are overall stronger than women. Guy de Maupassant’s, â€Å"The Necklace† and James Thurber’s, â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† are two works of literature that focus on the themes gender roles and marriage, with some similarities, but with even more differences. In â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty,† Thurber shows a marriage that is not typical. In this marriage, Walter has a wife who is controlling, bossy, and runs the household. She’s aggressive, overbearing, and condescending. She’s everything Walter, the husband, is not. In comparison, Walter is very passive and compliant. This type of gender role reversal is quite unique considering that Thurber has given Mrs. Mitty the character traits that are generally expected of the man or husband to possess, and Walter has the traits usually given to the woman. In â€Å"The Necklace,† Guy de Maupassant focuses on femininity. He develops a character as a woman who possesses all the attributes needed to be desirable by other men. â€Å"She had no dresses, no jewelry, nothing. And she loved nothing else; she felt herself made for that only. She would so much have liked to please, to be envied, to be seductive and sought after (Clugston, 2010). † She’s in a marriage where she does not care for her husband and hates the house in which she resides. Because she is a woman and is living a world where men are dominating, she has absolutely no control over her life. The author played upon feminine characteristics making Mathilde overly emotional and extremely sensitive. â€Å"Walter’s failures in life and his successes in dreams are closely connected with gender roles. Everyday life for him consists of being ridiculed by women, such as the one who hears him mutter â€Å"puppy biscuit† on the street and his wife who nags him. Among women, Walter is subservient and the object of derision. Among men, Walter fails to meet traditional expectations of masculinity. He is embarrassed by his mechanical ineptitude: when he tried to remove the chains from his tires, he ends up winding them around the axles, and he has to send for a tow truck. The mechanic who arrives is described as â€Å"young† and â€Å"grinning. The description implies that the man, younger and more virile, is laughing at Walter’s ignorance of cars and makes Walter feel emasculated, or less of a man. Walter resolves that the next time that he takes the car to the shop to have the chains removed that he will cover his shame by wearing his right arm in a sling. Walter compensates for his failure to fulfill conventional expectations of masculinity in his daydreams. His f antasies center around feats of traditionally masculine prowess, and many of them involve violence. He can hit a target three hundred feet away with his left hand, fix sophisticated machinery with a common fountain pen, and walk bravely into battle in his fantasy worlds. Thurber’s exploration of sex roles in modern America can be understood in various ways: Thurber might be suggesting that men have become weak and ineffectual and women overly aggressive, or he may be pointing to a lack of opportunities for men to perform meaningful, heroic action in modern, suburban, middle-class America (Wolfstation, 2013). † Walter’s failures in life and his successes in dreams are closely connected with gender roles. Everyday life for himconsists of being ridiculed by women, such as the one who hears him mutter â€Å"puppy biscuit† on the street and his wife whonags him. Among women, Walter is subservient and the object of derision. Among men, Walter fails to meet traditionalexpectations of masculinity. He is embarrassed by his mechanical ineptitude: when he tries to remove the chains from histires, he ends up winding them around the axles, and he has to send for a towtruck. The mechanic who arrives is described as â€Å"young† and â€Å"grinning. † The description implies that the man, younger and more virile, is laughing at Walter’signorance of cars and makes Walter feel emasculated, or less of a man. Walter resolves that the next time he takes the car to the shop to have the chains removed, he will cover his shame by wearing his right arm in a sling. Walter compensates for his failure to fulfill conventional expectations of masculinity in his daydreams. All of his fantasies center around feats of traditionally masculine prowess, and many of them involve violence. He can hit a target three hundred feet away with his left hand, fix sophisticated machinery with a common fountain pen, and walk bravely intobattle in his fantasy worlds. Thurber’s exploration of sex roles in modern America can be understood in various ways:Thurber might be suggesting that men have become weak and ineffectual and women overly aggressive, or he may be pointing to a lack of opportunities for men to perform meaningful, heroic action in modern, suburban, middle-class America. Walter’s failures in life and his successes in dreams are closely connected with gender roles. Everyday life for himconsists of being ridiculed by women, such as the one who hears him mutter â€Å"puppy biscuit† on the street and his wife whonags him. Among women, Walter is subservient and the object of derision. Among men, Walter fails to meet traditionalexpectations of masculinity. He is embarrassed by his mechanical ineptitude: when he tries to remove the chains from histires, he ends up winding them around the axles, and he has to send for a towtruck. The mechanic who arrives is described as â€Å"young† and â€Å"grinning. The description implies that the man, younger and more virile, is laughing at Walter’signorance of cars and makes Walter feel emasculated, or less of a man. Walter resolves that the next time he takes the car to the shop to have the chains removed, he will cover his shame by wearing his right arm in a sling. Walter compensates for his failure to fulfill conventional expectations of masculinity in his daydreams. All of his fantasies center around feats of traditionally masculine prowess, and many of them involve violence. He can hit a target three hundred feet away with his left hand, fix sophisticated machinery with a common fountain pen, and walk bravely intobattle in his fantasy worlds. Thurber’s exploration of sex roles in modern America can be understood in various ways:Thurber might be suggesting that men have become weak and ineffectual and women overly aggressive, or he may be pointing to a lack of opportunities for men to perform meaningful, heroic action in modern, suburban, middle-class America. References: Clugston, R. W. (2010), Journey Into Literature, Retrieved from: https://content. ashford. edu/books/AUENG125. 10. 2/sections/sec8. 2? search=The%20Necklace#w59248 Wolfstation (2013), Scribd. , The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (James Thurber 1939), Retrieved from: http://www. scribd. com/doc/3310666/The-Secret-Life-Of-Walter-Mitty-James-Thurber-1939 How to cite Gender Roles and Marriage, Papers Gender Roles and Marriage Free Essays string(163) " the diamond was fake, is very low, which is why it makes the story so humorous Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour also displays a theme of an unhappy marriage\." The representation of gender roles and marriage has always been a controversial issue. However, much can be learned about unhappy marriages when examining the roles of both females and males within the marriage. The examination of gender roles and marriage are seen through the following short stories The Story of an Hour, The Necklace, and Country Lovers, along with scholarly articles based on gender role and marriage. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender Roles and Marriage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Evaluation of these literary works shows quite clearly that social and economic class affects choice in marriage. Gardiner’s County Lovers presents its fairly clear theme right from the beginning of the story. Yes, there is a theme of race, but if you look even deeper you can see the underlying idea of marriage and gender roles. There is a love between two people but it is forbidden due them being a part of two separate classes. In the marriage that takes place between Njabulo and Thebedi there is an absence of love. Thebedi agrees to marry Njabulo because it is what is expected of her, but this does not constitute what many see as a proper marriage. There are some prevalent gender roles expressed in this story. There is are not many females described in the story other than Thebedi, but those who are discussed always have the role of being silent, and that of a domestic worker. Thebedi is often described as being the primary care giver of her children, whereas Njabulo and Paulus are often described as holding careers outside the home. The gender roles in this story are very stereotypical. Thebedi is portrayed as being weak and helpless and she stands outside her hut while Paulus is alone with the child. She knowingly left her child alone with Paulus after he strongly expressed his dislike of the situation of her having his child. The author portrays her as being helpless and innocent but the death of her child could have been prevented if she wanted it. The point of view of this story is that of a third-person. The narrator was not involved as a character in the story, which made it harder to get involved in the story emotionally. There was little connection to the inner thoughts of Thebedi and Paulus. This made theory very limited, in that the narrator knew of the events but not of their experiences. This objective view could have been improved by connecting the reader more to the thoughts and feelings of Paulus, Thebedi and Njabulo. In the end of the, Njabulo decides to stay with his wife and continue living as a family with their new born child. There is little said about how he felt about the whole situation, when in fact the decision he made was a very big one, but would have taken a lot of thought and contradictory feelings. The tone reflected by the author was very somber and solemn. From the begging there was much negatively expressed towards the thoughts of love and marriage. There is a verbal ironic one use when all evidence persuades the reader to think that Thebedi and Paulus will be in trouble or their actions, but in the end their relationship was not acknowledged and they are both able to walk away and live their lives freely. The language used by the author also suggests gender inequality. As Thebedi is 18 years old and Njabulo is 19, Thebedi is still being called a â€Å"girl† and Njubulo is considered a â€Å"man†. Within the story The Necklace the theme of changing gender roles within the married couples is prevalent. Madame Loisel did not marry for love, but rather married because it was expected of her. She married a man who worked in the Ministry of Education and had little money. Mr. Loisel, however, did marry for love and was very satisfied with their life together. Mathilde Loisel did not respect her husband due to him not making as much money as she would like, and she is portrayed as always wanting more. Her husband tGries hard to do anything to please her and makes sacrifices to keep her happy. Mathilde uses her innocence to gain sympathy, which leads to her getting the possessions that she desires. She is presented as being a weak and needy wife who cannot care for herself, relying on her husband to survive. When the Loisel’s had to earn more money to pay off their debts, Mr. Loisel takes on a second job working outside of them home while Mrs. Loisel works in the home cooking, cleaning, and taking on the care giver role. In the begging of the story it seemed as though Mathilde held most of the power in their marriage, but once conflict arose the power shifted back to Mr. Loisel, as Mathilde continued to do exactly what he said without questioning. This story is also told from a third-person point of view. The narrator is not part of the story and presents the action to the reader from on outside view. The reader is able to see everything through the eyes or the narrator, but the reliability is questionable in that the information coming from a third party. The style of writing is very fluent and easy to follow, which makes for a very enjoyable read. deMauppassant uses situation irony in a creative way to give the story an humorous twist; when Mathilde finds out the diamond she and her husband have been working so hard to pay off, was actually imitation. This discrepancy allows the author to add humor, giving the story a light and playful tone. The use of satire exists towards the end of the story in the form of a farce. Subtle humor and hilarity is developed through improbable situations and exaggeration. In this situation the probability of Mr. And Mrs. Loisel going through ten years of misery and poverty just to find out the diamond was fake, is very low, which is why it makes the story so humorous Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour also displays a theme of an unhappy marriage. You read "Gender Roles and Marriage" in category "Essay examples" When Mrs. Mallard received the news about her dead husband she began to weep uncontrollably, only to figure out she was weeping out of joy not sadness. Mrs. Mallards journey thorugh her thoughts help her to realize just how unhappy she was in her marriage, and how much better off she will be living for herself, and only herself. Although this story is mostly about Mrs. Mallard, it still gives a sense of the stereotypical gender role. An early mention of Mr. Mallard sates that Mrs. Mallard was repressed by him in their marriage life. Mrs. Mallard’s constant joy (after hearing about her husband’s death) suggests that she wanted to leave her husband but did not have the bravery to do so. Also, men are portrayed as the stronger sex as Josephine comforts her sister as she cries in her arms, while Richard stands by and watches. The female takes on the role of the nurturer and comforter as the male takes on the role of the strong, silent type. The narrator, although a third-person point of view, does a great job of providing an in depth description of Mrs. Mallard’s feelings toward the whole situation. The action is presented through an outside view, displaying the characters thoughts and feelings toward the death of Mr. Ballard. Although most events are sensed through the eyes or the narrator, they do a great job of getting in touch with Mrs. Mallard’s feelings, so the reader can connect better with her, and how she is reacting to the situation. The narrator’s omniscient view is very refreshing and informative. Chopin uses a combination of verbal and situation irony to add humor to the situation. Throughout the story, it is explicitly expressed how each character feels about the unfortunate death of Mr. Mallard. As Mrs. Mallard chants â€Å"free, free, free! † to her in the bathroom, it leads the reader to believe that the deal of Mr. Mallard is accurate and Mrs. Mallard is ready to move on with her life. When Mrs. Mallard finally comes out of the bedroom, feeling quite positive about the situation, shock arrives on everyone’s faces as they find out Mr. Ballard was not on the train, and is therefore still alive. Although this story does not directly speak of social class, Mr. Mallard taking the train does suggest this family within the middle class category. Joan Kahn that during since the 70’s healthy adults are starting to face new challenges unrelated to their career. These activities are productive and provide new opportunities. Some of these activities include part time employment, volunteer, and informal support to family in friends. Kahn noted the gender difference between men and women’s behaviors and relationships. While men tend to work more, while achieving outside the home, women on the other hand are more nurturing in the home. Her studies have focused on age and gender differences in housework and have shown husbands to do less housework than wives which tends to increase with age. Findings on the gender gap in forms of unpaid labor have showed that women did more work for both kin and non kin than did men. Also men showed to be happier in their marriages than women. Also, her study illustrated that women were consistently more likely than men to assist their children in some capacity, as well as those who had living parents. William Wilcox demonstrates the profound changes in the functions and stability of marriage. The rise in women’s social and economic interest has drastically increased. He states, in the from the 18th century and onwards women became more concerned about marrying for social status, than marrying for love. The emotional functions and character of marriage have and marital happiness has become less important. Marital stability; home production, childbearing, and division of labor have been determined predominantly by the stereotypes of what is expected by either gender. Wilcox states, in his gender model of marriage, that men and women are invested in doing that their gender suggests they embrace. They are raised to live up to their gender role ideology. He believes women and men are socialized to hold on to their gender typical patterns of behavior. Jonathan Vespa describes children as a changing factor on gender ideology. When married couples have children, the couples are more likely to agree that a women’s duty is care giving. The effect of employment on gender ideology also depends on life experience and economic status. Working men with an employed wife their family suffered, where as working men with a stay-at-home wife reported their family was stable. Gayle Kaufman believes gender ideology has changed greatly during the last few decades. She also believes it is important to examine the relationship between ideology and marital happiness. There is a strong connection between gender attitudes in terms of expected roles for men and women and power relations. The traditional attitudes focus on men as breadwinners and women as homemakers, with both holding different amounts of power. Nontraditional attitudes focus on sharing economic and caring tasks which divides power more equally, but this is not the majority of most marriages. Much can be learned about unhappy marriages when examining the roles of both females and males within the marriage. Throughout this paper, the effects of social and economic class have shown to have a great impact on marriage. There are many common themes within the three literary works, including the unhappiness of wives in their marriages, as none of them married for love. The examination of gender roles and marriage are seen through the following short stories The Story of an Hour, The Necklace, and Country Lovers, along with scholarly articles based on gender role and marriage. Evaluation of these literary works shows quite clearly that social and economic class affects choice in marriage. How to cite Gender Roles and Marriage, Essay examples

Cyberstalking Identity Theft and Online Community Websites free essay sample

Cabinetmaking was to be considered normal stalking when it first sprouted, but many problems that came with the new technology werent covered by the definition. According to Legislations. Us, Cabinetmaking Is the use of the Internet or other electronic means to stalk or harass an individual, a group of individuals, or an organization. It may include false accusations, monitoring, making threats, identity theft, damage to data or equipment, the solicitation of minors for sex, or gathering information in order to harass. Although computers are common tools in cabinetmaking, the laws are not limited to them.Fax machines, cell phones, or anything that can provide communication services Is Included (Bocce, 2004). Cabinetmaking has been on a boom with the recent advancement In technology. With online community websites like Namespace and Faceable, users are allowed to see other persons profiles. Profiles may contain personal information about the user: such as age, gender, hometown, where they work, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Cyberstalking: Identity Theft and Online Community Websites or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Contact information may also be found on profiles, such as email address and phone numbers. People may even cost pictures of themselves up on their profiles for the world to see.If anyone wanted to know anything about a person (friend or not), they can look It up on the Internet. A cabinetmakers can use any of that Information to monitor the victim and fulfill their obsession. On some online community websites, users have the ability to send messages to other users. Cabinetmakers can harass, or even threaten, an individual through private messages. Also, messages can be sent so any other user can see it, I. E. , posting a message on a users wall. A cabinetmakers can use that wall as a way to aka false accusations upon the victim In order to damage their character or reputation.For example, a cabinetmakers may post a comment on the individuals profile stating that said individual cheats on his or her significant other, which may not be true. Another method of cabinetmaking is through blobbing websites, another way users can communicate to the general public. Blobs to most users are basically online-journals used to talk about their lives, their views on stuff, etc. A blobs. Also, a perpetrator may create their own blob to harass people or make false accusations, thus damaging a persons reputation. In some cases, blobs can be used to get other people to harass the victim (Moore, 2009). With online community websites on the rise, the risk of solicitation of minors for sex is greater. Cabinetmakers can make profiles on those websites to find minors and meet up with them. Also, predators can use public chat rooms on the Internet for solicitation. New ways of enforcement have been created to combat against soliciting a minor for sex. Undercover police officers can set up a sting by creating fake profiles o lure sex predators into meeting up with the officer.The television show To Catch a Predator uses the same tactics to catch these criminals and interview them before having them arrested. Cabinetmakers may also damage a victims data or equipment through the Internet. This type of cabinetmaking includes users on the Internet making viruses and sending them to other Internet users. A cabinetmakers that attempts to destroy the victims equipment may have a personal vendetta against them or are Just looking for attention. Viruses are known to cause many types of software failure on a computer.Viruses dont take much effort to make, thus making them a common attack tool. Viruses can be transported in disguise as an email to the user urging them to open up the document. Users can also send viruses via online community websites disguised as links to popular websites. Identity theft is another problem that has become popular through the usage of the Internet. Pushing is a common practice where websites are created to mimic other websites. Pushing websites are created in order to swindle the user into giving up their personal information, such as Social Security numbers, credit card information, etc.With the information, the perpetrator can create fraudulent bank and credit card accounts and use previous credit cards to make purchases; all of which will cause a major spike in the victims credit history. Identity theft may also be committed through online community websites, in which the cabinetmakers uses the victims account for personal gain. In this type of identity theft, also known as social engineering, the perpetrator may use a victims account to contact their friends or relatives and ask them for money (Bocce, 2004). Because of the evolution of technology, the criminal Justice system has to be updated as well.

Blind Is As Invisible Does A Man free essay sample

Blind Is As Invisible Does, A Man Covering With His Percepts Of Himself Based On The Percepts Of The Society Around Him In Ralph Ellison # 8217 ; s Battle Royal Essay, Research Paper Blind Is as Invisible Does, A adult male covering with his perceptual experiences of himself based on the perceptual experiences of the society around him in Ralph Ellison # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Battle Royal # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Battle Royal # 8221 ; , an extract from Ralph Ellison # 8217 ; s Invisible Man, is far more than a commentary on the racial issues faced in society at that clip. It is an illustration of Afro-american literature that addresses non merely the societal impacts of racism, but the psychological constituents as good. The storyteller ( IM ) is thrust from populating harmonizing to the perceptual experiences of who he believes himself to be to seeking to last in a kingdom where he isn # 8217 ; Ts supposed to be, much less thrive. The invisibleness of a mass of people in a society fed the derivation of IM # 8217 ; s accepted, willed, sightlessness. We will write a custom essay sample on Blind Is As Invisible Does A Man or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The reader must find the beginning of what makes IM unseeable. Is portion of IM # 8217 ; s invisibleness due to his self-image or resignation to the dominant voice in the United States? The reply lies in whether or non the sightlessness and the invisibleness were voluntary or compulsory. The relationship between IM # 8217 ; s sightlessness and his invisibleness are non due entirely to the colour of his tegument. There is a degree of invisibleness that does straight ensue from the bias of the white work forces. The white community is unwilling to look beyond their stereotypes of the function and topographic point of black work forces. The school overseer that had requested IM # 8217 ; s visual aspect at the dance hall to give his address was besides the same adult male that brought the black work forces into the dance hall with the words, # 8220 ; Bring up the radiances, gentlemen! Bring of the small radiances! # 8221 ; ( 1527 ) . A few yearss before IM had given a valedictorian address that # 8221 ; . . . was a great success. Everyone praised [ him ] and. . . . It was a victory for [ his ] whole community # 8221 ; ( 1526 ) . In the environment of the tobacco user though, he was merely another # 8220 ; radiance # 8221 ; , nil deserving any notation of any sort . However, IM is blind to this. He does non look aware of his invisibleness at that minute ; his focal point lies in the presentation of his address. He is unmindful to the sightlessness of the white work forces in respects to him, but it is non merely the white characters that refuse to see IM as IM sees himself. IM is to the full cognizant of the animus of the work forces scheduled to contend in the conflict royal. The tenseness is touchable. # 8220 ; They were tough cats. . .. [ that ] didn # 8217 ; t care excessively much for [ IM ] # 8221 ; ( 1526 ) . IM is at the hotel to give a address to the town # 8217 ; s top white citizens. That was his exclusive intent for being at that place. He is roped into take parting in the conflict royal. This is where some of the tenseness between the nine other work forces in the conflict and IM lies. The fact that he is contending in # 8220 ; their # 8221 ; conflict means that person else can non take part and hence will non be paid. IM contributes to the strain by believing to himself that # 8220 ; [ he ] felt superior to them in [ his ] manner, and [ he ] did non like the mode in which [ they ] were all crowded together into the retainers # 8217 ; lift # 8221 ; ( 1526 ) . He is so focussed on disliking the black work forces that he is forced to stand with he fails to see his axial rotation in the eventide. IM is forced to take part in a conflict before he is permitted to talk. And in order to contend he has to be lifted up to where the white work forces are in a # 8220 ; retainers # 8217 ; elevator. # 8221 ; He sees himself as better than he sees the other work forces contending in the conflict because he is educated and they are beasts. He does non see that to the work forces upstairs they are all the same, identical one from another. The black work forces in the lift do non see IM as an educated adult male, they see him as five dollars less in their friend # 8217 ; s pocket. The black work forces see IM as an unwanted member of their group. IM ignores this, turns a blind oculus to it, because he has no desire to be a portion of the same universe as those work forces. The white work forces see IM as merely another black adult male. IM is blind to this every bit good because he can non accept it. It is non until he enters the dance hall that he is forced to glimpse at his topograph ic point in world. The immature work forces exit the lift and look up to see a immature white bare terpsichorean spiraling around the room. # 8220 ; Some [ of the white work forces ] threatened [ IM and the other black work forces ] if [ they ] looked and others if [ they ] did non # 8221 ; ( 1527 ) . IM is catapulted into confronting what he has allowed himself to non see. The beautiful, bare, light-haired stripper, stamped with the symbol of America, is the incarnation of everything IM does non hold and can neer trust to obtain. It does non count that he does non see his ain community because his focal point is on success in white society. It does non count that he is immature, fine-looking and intelligent. He is a black adult male. He can non even look at what he can non hold without fearing for his life. It is non merely the image of a white adult female that he can non hold ; it is everything the adult female is in white society. She is the national hoarded wealth, the female parent of the hereafter ; she is wealth, position, power and freedom. Her hair is gilded, wealth. Her topographic point in centre phase is position and power. Her nudity is freedom. The adult female herself is non genuinely free, but this is unseeable to IM. He merely sees # 8220 ; that in all the room she saw merely [ him ] with her impersonal eyes # 8221 ; ( 1527 ) . He does non look to concentrate on the impersonal facet of her eyes. He merely sees that she is looking at him. He can non see that she does non see him. He does non see that the terpsichorean # 8217 ; s personhood is unseeable to everyone watching her. The terpsichorean # 8217 ; s individual is every bit unseeable to IM as IM is to the terpsichorean. He sees a white stripper ; the universe sees a white stripper. He looks in the mirror and se es a immature adult male with a bright hereafter ; the universe sees a # 8220 ; radiance # 8221 ; . He does non use his regulations of perceptual experience to himself. IM feels unseeable to the white work forces around him. He does non understand that many truths are unseeable to him. In the thick of the dance and so being forced into the ring, IM remains focused on his thought of what his intent at the tobacco user is. He remains concerned about how his address will be received by the work forces whose credence he is so thirstily prosecuting. The scene inside the dance hall, the conflict royal, portrays 10 black work forces contending each other for the amusement of Whites. The scene has non been created to stress the split between two societies, the great white public and the beastly inkinesss. It is the conflicts between the work forces in the ring that the readers notice. â€Å"Everyone fought hysterically. It was complete lawlessness. Everyone fought everybody else† ( 1529 ) . IM as the storyteller makes note of the combat among the work forces. IM in the ring continues worrying about his address. He thinks about his address and allows himself to be blindfolded with â€Å"broad sets of white cloth† ( 1528 ) . With small vacillation, IM allows himself to be blinded and pushed into conflict. IM has accepted the act of covering his individuality. With the blindfold on his facial characteristics are obscured. In a mass of 10 work forces singing and contending, there is no individualism because there is no manner to spot one adult male from another. The work forces are reduced to animalistic behaviour, striking out instinctively for self-preservation. The white shreds on their faces nulled any thought of high quality. # 8220 ; Blindfolded, [ he ] could no longer command [ his ] gestures. { He ] had no self-respect # 8221 ; ( 1529 ) . IM is hit several times, and has even fallen to the land. He is forced back to his pess and pushed back into conflict. He has lost his self-respect and has been beaten down. It is merely now that he is allowed, by Providence, to see. Possibly for the first clip in this extract, IM sees the conflict royal for what it is. He recognizes that it is non approximately 10 work forces contending it out in a ring. It is non even about ten work forces, stripped of their manhood, stripped of their self-respect, forced to contend for the pleasance of Whites. He sees that the conflict royal is 10 black work forces contending one another and the pleasance the Whites derive from it. The work forces in the ring fought one against the other, # 8220 ; No group fought together for long. Two, three, four fought one, so turned to contend each other. . . # 8221 ; ( 1529 ) . Like pediculosis pubis in a barrel, no 1 was allowed to get away the bombardment of fists. The work forces reached out blindly, striking whatever was near adequate to hit. For five dollars, the work forces allowed themselves to be subjected to blindness and humiliation. Blacks were turned against inkinesss in endeavoring for a few excess dollars. IM is witness to all of this and capable to it at the same clip. He dodges blows and connects some himself, but besides allows himself to be pummeled in order to keep his ability to see. For a minute he has realized that there is a monetary value to seeing, in this instance, the monetary value is blood. The work forces around him are still blind. They still fight brutally among themselves. The white work forces watching do non see that IM can see. They do n # 8217 ; t detect his advantage because he is able to hold on that being unseeable International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t needfully negative if it means he isn # 8217 ; t traveling to acquire so severely beaten he can # 8217 ; Ts make his address. IM # 8217 ; s purposes for the dark neer changed. The conflict ends and the blindfolds are removed. IM # 8217 ; s memories from the ring are pushed aside by his ultimate end, doing his darling address. When he is allowed to see once more he can non see any more than he could while the blindfold covered both of his eyes. He neer saw the connexion between the stripper, the conflict royal and his address all taking topographic point in the same sphere. He believed he was perpetuating himself as the pinnacle of being a good black adult male. He presents his address on the benefits of humbleness in the black race. Alternatively of having the credence that he had been numbering on all dark, he is subjected to the humbleness that he has been such a advocate of. The reaction of the white society was to see the address as a game, amusement. # 8220 ; Whenever [ he ] uttered a word of three or more syllables a group of voices would shout for [ him ] to reiterate it # 8221 ; ( 1533 ) . He wa s so involved in the presentation of his address he did non see that # 8220 ; the work forces were still speaking and express joying. . . as though deaf with cotton in dirty ears # 8221 ; ( 1533 ) . IM was in the centre of the room, showing the thoughts that got him invited to the tobacco user in the first topographic point and no 1 in the room could see him. He was in the centre of the room sharing the words he prided himself on and he could non see that no 1 was listening. Like a trained monkey with a chapeau he did non care if anyone tipped him or non, the show went on until the music stopped. IM is rewarded for his well-put words, his faux pas of the lingua forgiven and excused. They told him, # 8220 ; We mean to make right by you, but you # 8217 ; ve got to cognize your topographic point at all times # 8221 ; ( 1534 ) . In glorious and feigned grasp, the townsmen provide the chance of a life-time to the thankful male child. They will supply the vehicle for him to turn up with all of the cognition it takes to be a socially responsible black adult male. IM does non acknowledge the paid tuition as a final payment for maintaining his topographic point. Alternatively, he is # 8220 ; so moved he could barely show [ his ] thanks # 8221 ; ( 1534 ) . Even as his blood hints a trail across his cherished gift, he does non see the monetary value he is expected to pay. He can hold the universe of a black adult male laid at his pess, he merely has to do certain he doesn # 8217 ; t acquire in the manner of existent work forces, of white work forces. IM # 8217 ; s complains that experiencing unseeable makes him # 8220 ; aching with the demand to convert [ himself ] that [ he does ] be in the existent universe, that [ he is ] a portion of all the sound and anguish # 8221 ; ( 1518 ) . He is blinded by his position of the universe. Yes, the people in the white society are unmindful to his being. His presence in their universe would be a menace to their construct of a black adult male. However, the full universe is unseeable to IM. He is blinded by the flawlessnesss and imperfectnesss of the societies that surround him. IM can merely see what he believes the universe to be, and the universe can merely see what IM likely is. 43f

The Distribution of Power at Gateshead in Jane Eyre essays

The Distribution of Power at Gateshead in Jane Eyre essays At Gateshead, the Reed family holds power over Jane Eyre. The Reeds power comes in several forms, including limiting Janes social contact as well as bullying her. The Reeds also psychologically abuse Jane by attacking her value. Mrs. Reed does not allow Jane to interact with her cousins saying that not until, by her own observation that I was endeavoring in good earnest to acquire a more sociable and child-like disposition, ...she really must exclude me from privileges intended only for contented, happy, little children. (p.7) This line not only shows the limit of Janes social contact, but also her exclusion from the family as well as a psychological attack against her. Janes cousin John is the member of the Reed family that physically holds power over her. He bullied and punished me: not two or three times in the week, nor once or twice in the day, but continually: every nerve I had feared him ... (p.10) Up until Janes fight with John, she was expected to remain silent until she cou ld speak pleasantly, she also took all of her abuse without reply. Throughout Johns bullying, Janes, care was how to endure the blow which would certainly follow the insult. (p.10) She realizes that reacting will do her no good and that is shown when she does react to John throwing the book at her, Mrs. Reed punished her by sending her to the red-room, while it appears that John receives no punishment. Jane is also reminded of how she is not apart of the Reed family. When John finds her reading he tells Jane that, You have no business to take our books: you are a dependant, mama says: you have no money; your father left you none; you ought to beg, and not to live here with gentlemens children like us. (p.11) Once Jane does gain hope of leaving the Reeds household, the Reeds begin to act curler towards her. Janes social interaction is further red...

Literary analysis on The turn of the screw by Henry James Essay

Literary analysis on The turn of the screw by Henry James - Essay Example It does not happen to be a ghost story that wrenches the readers’ interest by the inclusion of gross elements like blood curdling episodes and enervating shrieks and action on the part of the ghosts and apparitions. Rather the horror style of Henry James does differ from the other fiction writers in the sense that it happens to be sophisticated and subtle that inculcates the element of horror in the narrative with much finesse and craftsmanship, thereby allowing the readers to exercise their imagination while perusing a work of fiction that is disturbingly open and inconclusive in terms of climax. In The Turn of the Screw Henry James resorts to a combination of the usual elements of a ghost narrative and his unique ability to engage the imagination of the reader through subtle suggestions, to present his peculiar brand of horror. Even while attempting a cursory perusal of the text, the readers simply cannot help noticing the astute way in which Henry James subscribes to a rang e of narrative devices to facilitate a disturbing as well as fabulous rendition of the psychic elements within the story. As per Jeffery Williams, â€Å"The frame of the Turn of the Screw figures a different scene, the conditions not as fatally serious, but nonetheless as urgent, coding the story primarily in terms of entertainment and an overwhelming curiosity (Williams 112).† It goes without saying that the events and actions within the narrative are so arranged to cull out the desired emotive response on the part of the readers, without leaving any scope for the superfluous and the gross. For instance the governess’ narrative begins with the observation that, â€Å"I remember the whole beginning as a succession of flights and drops, a little seesaw of the right throbs and the wrong (James 12).† These lines bring in an element of expectation within the narrative without resorting to abject horror and intimidation on the part of the writer. Such astute comments on the part of the governess and other characters do command a weight in the sense that they present the way characters react and act, in the meantime bringing forth their moral and dispositional traits. As it gets very evident from the given line, the element of horror is introduced slowly but steadily in the narrative to titillate the senses of the readers, without resorting to any abject presentation of the blood curdling horror. The writers presents the governess’ first encounter with the absurd as, â€Å"That was exactly present to me- by which I mean the face was- when, on the first of these occasions, at the end of a long June day, I stopped short on emerging from one of the plantations and coming into view of the house (James 26).† With the direct encounter of the governess with the imminent horror as expressed in this line, the plot in the novella gets dense to arouse the expectations of the readers as to the future course of action within the story and the e ventual turn that the narrative will take. The way the characters in the story are presented, as in the case of Flora, â€Å"She expressed in her little way an extraordinary detachment from the disagreeable duties, looking to me, however, with a great childish light that seemed to offer it as a mere result of the affection she has conceived for my person... (James 20)†, make the readers readily strike a bond with the characters and they simply cannot help being concerned about as to what will eventually happen to them. This

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The effect of China's less stringent trade policies on the global economy - Essay Example rogress in conforming to WTO norms has been slow and a number of issues still to be resolved before China can be considered fully integrated into the international trade regime. Both China and her trading partners are reaping full advantage of their trade liberalisation but not to an extend due to a liberal trade regime and strong protection for foreign intellectual property requirements. Moving China’s economic system from central planning and command to market socialism has had to undergo several changes making her international trading and domestic regulatory regimes to undertake fundamental changes as a result of its WTO accession commitments. In this way, China has had to reduce or eliminate a wide range of trade barriers and open its domestic industries to increased competition, the modification and addition of sections of her domestic legislation such as those relating to the protection of intellectual property in order to be in compliance with WTO protocols (USTR, 2003a). The central government has also committed itself to reduce the state’s role in the economy in order to satisfy both domestic and international calls for a more and better market-based system. These changes will mean separating government from business, leading to the privatizing additional state enterprises, fostering a more independent central banking system and reducing corru ption (The Economist, 2001a). The Chinese economy is expected to grow by 9% per year from 2006 – 2015 (even though a slow in growth is expected in 2015 – 2020) since her government began dismantling its command economy in favour of markets and opening its markets to foreign goods and investment. It is further predicted that by 2020 China’s GDP would have grown to US$10 trillion. Since 1990, the Chinese economy has not witnessed a GDP of less than 4%. In 1992, the growth rate peaked at 14 percent (The Economist, 2000). Between 1997 and 2000, the economy grew by 24.7 percent. The growth rate for each year

Response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Response paper - Essay Example She, therefore, brings about a difference in all the companies she works. In this aspect, she has been referred to as a go-getter as she usually feels reader for any opportunity that is presented before her. As the Levendary cafà © wishes to move its operation to China, it is important for her as the Chief Executive Officer to realize that China is a different country with a different culture than that of America. She does it well by studying the cafes that operate in china (Bartlett and Han). She should manage Louis Chen, who is the compatriot manager in China and the company’s subsidiary in China using the same framework. The only changes she should make is to incorporate the cultural foods that are popular in china and offer some management thoughts to the indigenous people. These changes will help subsidiary cafes to grow fast in China since they will feel Levendary becomes part of Chinese

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George Berkeley Philosophy Summary Essay George Berkeley is a prominent thinker and philosopher of the 18th century which is known for his system of spiritualistic philosophy. He developed the thesis that â€Å"existence is the thing that is perceived or the one who perceives (Berman 1995). He lived and worked in the era of the industrial revolution, technological progress and the great scientific discoveries that shed light on the nature of the world; in an era when religion began to lose its centuries-long position in the minds of people, giving place to the scientific and philosophical outlook. Originally from Ireland, the oldest British colony, Berkeley was the eldest of seven children in the family of the landed nobleman. From a young age his life was connected with religion and schooling, he put all his strength into the creation of a philosophical system, designed to eliminate atheism and the related materialist philosophy. 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If there is no God, then the things we consider the material objects must have a spasmodic life: suddenly emerged at the moment of perception, they immediately would disappear as soon they leave the field of view of the perceiving subject. But, Berkeley argued that due to the constant vigil of God, everything in the world (trees, rocks, crystals, etc.) exists constantly, as a good sense befits. Berkeley was an outstanding writer, who had an elegant style (by the way, his numerous works he wrote when he was 28!). He was not only a priest (Bishop in Cloyne,Ireland) and a philosopher but a psychologist also.Berkeley tried to prove that we perceive only the properties of things: how these things affect our senses, but we do not grasp the very essence of things, even though the properties are relative to the perceiving subject. Sensory impressions are the phenomena of the psyche. 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Case Study: Managing for Organizational Integrity

[pic] [pic] [pic] SUBMITTED BY: PARSHU RAM ACHARYA MOUNT DRUITT TAFE INTRODUCTION The aim/purpose of this report is to discuss how the information systems are managed systematically in an organizational operation. How those frontline managers should be competent in managing the systems, developing business plans and budgets as well as managing the resource proposal are made are researched in sources listed in the Bibliography and the practicable application of it in business as demonstrated by the case study of Blacktown city council which is followed by the theory of manage workplace information systems with the help of class notes and further researched on the Blacktown city council and is presented as two facts information as theory and practical. To manage information systems systematically and scientifically frontline managers must be capable of identifying, acquiring, analyzing, reviewing, and using appropriate information so that the organization would run effectively and efficiently. This report is written in such way that it satisfy all the 9 points needed for frontline managers to make right decisions at the right time for the successful operation of business, considering the proper management of a team to achieve team goals and objectives. This report has been written to satisfy the requirements of course in the ‘Electrical Engineering Unit,’ Ensure Team Effectiveness at WSI TAFE NSW Mount Druitt College. OVERVIEW: Management of information system (MIS) is a planned system of the collecting, processing, storing and disseminating data in the form of information needed to carry out the functions of management. In a way it is a documented report of the activities those were planned and executed. It can also be defined as the subset of the overall internal control of a business covering the application of people, documents, technologies, and procedures by management accountants to solving business problems such as costing a product, service or a business-wide strategy. Most importantly MIS are those systems that allow managers to make decisions for the successful operation of businesses. MIS is the process of allocating information an organization's inputs, including human and economic resources, by planning, organizing, directing, and controlling for the purpose of producing goods or services desired by customers so that organizational objectives are accomplished. If management has knowledge of the planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of the business, its decisions can be made on the basis of facts, and decisions are more accurate and timely. As a result, the manager could easily distinguish the weaknesses and the strength of the company so that they could work them out properly by removing the drawbacks and overcoming the weaknesses and overpowering the strength so that the company could properly achieve the set goals in efficient and effective manner. In addition to this, managers should be considerably aware of the aim/ goal of the company and the overall team participation taking care of the entire team member’s Occupational Health and Safety. In the age of information technology, the need for relevant and timely information to support management in decision making is increasing due to market competition. The quickly changing environment brought about by the rapidly expanding capabilities of computer equipment has substantially shortened system's life cycles. Consequently, management must continuously develop its organization's information system or, soon face the competitive disadvantage resulting from obsolete information systems. 1. Blacktown city council is a governmental organisation which governed and funded by the government of Australia and it is actively participating in the development projects in cooperation with Federal Government of Australia. It is a public sector as well as community sector organisation. Its nature includes developing and initiating plans and projects, developing the strategies for the welfare and facilitating the people of entire Blacktown including the dense multicultural and diverse community. It also includes the facilities like the basics of life including the leisure and lifestyle, arts and entertainment like libraries, parks, reserves, child care centres, clubs etc. The nature of work involves governing all the people living in Blacktown as a local government and providing each and every facilities that a local government should provide and is capable of. It includes the managing waste ,cleaning the public places, constructing the parks, reserves, clubs , child care centres and repairing of all those and lots of other projects. The aim and objectives of Blacktown city council can be briefly explained as below: 1. To serve a whole Blacktown community as a parent organisation. 2. To provide each and every facilities for the diverse and dense multicultural community. 3. Carry out different planned project and implementing it for the development of Blacktown city and its welfare. 4. To workout for the different ways that can satisfies the local people and maintains the social harmony, peace, etc. 5. To provide safe environment for people in working and enjoying freely. . Safeguarding the people needs and necessities and maintain secure place to live in. The project is on the Blacktown City council, Department of planning Engineering Team’s proposal of the ‘promotion of solar city products’ initiatives. 2. Effective use of the information system is the key for the success of the company so that it is extremely necessary to ensure the effective use of organisational information systems. In cas e if the information is not immediately available strategies should be developed and the decision should be made. There are different barriers for the effective information gathering and unavailability of the immediate information. Poor documentation, poorly designed information systems, poor searching skills, inexperienced, untrained, unskilled managers, imperfect computer systems, lack of human resources and the politics are the great hidden costs in organisation which will led us to the information shortage of immediate information. Hence, the strategies involved in sorting those problems out can be described as followed: a. All the information systems should be properly designed with all the new and advance technologies. b. Outdated computer systems should be renewed and supervised with the effective and useful information. c. Information managing staffs should be trained and should be experience with very good skills. d. Human resources should be properly managed and workload to the workers reduced. Also information should be gathered with best methods with raw data continually scanned and selected most useful pieces in timely manner. Examples of some common processes would include: 1. Interviews with focussed questions towards organisational goal. 2. Reports should be with good secondary source of information. 3. Focusing group also including a way of getting brainstorming ideas on a particular topic from people who represent a range of employee, client or supplier positions. 4. Questionnaires wit questions of carefully worded to lead to people to respond in a certain way. 3. To ensure the proper management of information systems it is necessary that collection of information should be timely, adequate and relevant to the needs of various teams. For the information to be on the effective use it should be available on when it is needed so that information should gathered and organised on the time. Adequate data is the complete data which is sufficient information when it is needed to be applied. Relevant information is also called as- to the point, means which is accurate information. Untimely and inadequate data or information could even mislead the information systems from achieving it goals. So it becomes necessary to monitor that information be relevant, sufficient and on at right time. Before the implementation of the strategies it is necessary to review the organisational goal or purpose as well as occupational health and safety as these are the things which matters the most. The range of strategies that ensures the collection of information is timely, relevant and adequate to the needs of the teams can be explained in details as below: a. Transactions processing systems: All the transactions should be constantly monitored by the information system . All the processes of the transactions should be recorded in the database as sale items, amount, time, date, employee etc. o that each and every data goes to the system. b. management information system: Data base plays the most important role in information management system covering in about each and every sections of the organisation. If database is managed timely and properly, it will be relevant, adequate and timely information. c. Decision support system: As decision making is the most important and crucial part of management of any organisation, decision support system plays a vital role in it. So it provides interactive information support to managers during the decision making process. This would help in timely and relevant decision making. . Manual systems: Although electronics and digital systems become the basics of information management, manual systems are equally important yet. Filing cabinets, message books, phone directories and card systems are all legitimate information systems which are still used and plays one of important role in timely and adequate information management. The success of these strategies could be measured by comparing that information with the new information and the weakness and drawbacks can be correctly categorized and figured out so that managers have the right vision of their outcomes and goal. Implementation of all those systems correctly would also ensure the managerial success as well as the strategic success in organisation. 4. Planning is the basics of organisational success, as every outcome depends upon its performance plan and its implementation. The organisational strategic planning processes produce a direct impact on the organisational aim or goal. So it becomes extremely necessary that it should be on the right tract on the organisational benefit. Hence the strategic processes that would identify and report relevant information to support the organisation’s strategic planning processes. At team level, resource planning involves planning for the resources ( staffs, equipment, budget, technology, Company databases, Integrated management software, Client relationship management tool, Supply chain management tool, Application jobs, Network infrastructure, Data servers and storage systems, Security devices) that is needed for next cycle. Not everyone will be involved in the macro- level resource planning that involves the acquisition of capital and other big ticket items. However it is important that everyone in an organization undertakes this at the macro level. Many organizations have specialists or staff whose roles are dedicated to resource planning. Computer plays main role as the prerequisites for all the information systems. While computers cannot create business strategies by themselves they can assist management in understanding the effects of their strategies, and help enable effective decision-making. MIS systems can be used to transform data into information useful for decision making. Computers can provide financial statements and performance reports to assist in the planning, monitoring and implementation of strategy. MIS systems provide a valuable function in that they can collate into coherent reports unmanageable volumes of data that would otherwise be broadly useless to decision makers. By studying these reports decision-makers can identify patterns and trends that would have remained unseen if the raw data were consulted manually. Those principles are relevant for the proposals that manager might take at a macro level. Most importantly the strategic planning processes can be identified and report relevant information can be supported by the following types of Systems: a. Management information systems can be used as a support to managers to provide a competitive advantage. The system must support the goals of the organization. Most organizations are structured along functional lines, and the typical systems are identified as follows: b. Accounting management information systems: All accounting reports are shared by all levels of accounting managers. c. Financial management information systems: The financial management information system provides financial information to all financial managers within an organization including the chief financial officer. The chief financial officer analyses historical and current financial activity, projects future financial needs, and monitors and controls the use of funds over time using the information developed by the MIS department. d. Manufacturing management information systems: More than any functional area, operations have been impacted by great advances in technology. As a result, manufacturing operations have changed. For instance, inventories are provided just in time so that great amounts of money are not spent for warehousing huge inventories. In some instances, raw materials are even processed on railroad cars waiting to be sent directly to the factory. Thus there is no need for warehousing. e. Marketing management information systems: A marketing management information system supports managerial activity in the area of product development, distribution, pricing decisions, promotional effectiveness, and sales forecasting. More than any other functional areas, marketing systems rely on external sources of data. These sources include competition and customers, for example. f. Human resources management information systems: Human resources management information systems are concerned with activities related to workers, managers, and other individuals employed by the organization. Because the personnel function relates to all other areas in business, the human resources management information system plays a valuable role in ensuring organizational success. Activities performed by the human resources management information systems include, work-force analysis and planning, hiring, training, and job assignments. The above are examples of the major management information systems which would support the decision making and the report relevant information at the strategic level. There may be other management information systems if the company is identified by different functional areas. 5. Technology plays the role of backbone in the context of information management. All the technology should be used in such a manner that it ensures the complete utilization as well as it ensures that it can satisfy the level of information that an organisation need to fulfil its goal. So this technological information should satisfy the demand of the organisation. It is obvious that any organisation is not same every time and change according to the time. So the information system or technology cannot be able to satisfy the nature of change in the information system in an organisation. So it becomes an essential that technology should be constantly monitored and constantly improved. The manager should be able of getting most out of the available technology to the organisation so that at the minimum cost and expenses company could get the maximum benefits. It is necessary to understand that the amount of information is not the problem but rather the lack of effective tools and skills to manage, use and store the information. The information is in the system or technology is available is not a guarantee you are deriving maximum benefit from it. So the using of technology effectively can be briefly explained in the following ways: a. The resources of the organisation such as intranet and email or the existing developed system are reliable so that it does not affect the availability of information at any point of time. . People have been adequately briefed or trained on the use and features of the technology available so that they can properly handle the information systems and make the maximum use of available resources. c. Policies, training materials, the staff phone directory and other vital information stored on the company intranet. This saves paper and ensures all staff has up to date information. d. A filing system should be organ ised in such a manner that it can be clearly and easily available to the people who are in need of it and it saves the vital time. e. A regular maintenance process to remove documents, customers and other information that is no longer relevant or current. f. People should be trained on the regular manner so that they could properly deal with the demand of the new and developing information systems. 6. The proper management of information also includes the team involvement and it is extremely necessary that whole team is working as a unit so that maximum utilization of resources can be done with minimum input if the team work as one unit. So it becomes necessary to ensure team effectiveness. Ensuring Team Effectiveness in a team plays the most important role in achieving goals and objectives of the overall organization and the team itself. The team’s purpose, roles, responsibilities, goals, plans, and objectives should be identified and these are related to the organizational goals, plans and objectives. Each and every team members should be supported in meeting the expected outcomes. Plans are developed to ensure that work required by the organization to carry out its goals. Opportunities should be created and should be properly managed for the team to provide input into ny of the team’s operations including decision making. To get maximum out of team or utilising the involvement of team in the workplace is the responsibility of manager. So managers should come out with the strategies which would maximise team contribution, involvement and support for the business plan and budgets. The strategies would involve following: 1. Each and ever team membersâ€⠄¢ occupational health and safety should be ensured so that all the staff can concentrate on their work and give maximum of them. 2. eam members should be motivated towards their job and they should be constantly be considering the aim or goal of the organisation is and how they can contribute as an individual and as a team member for the company goal. 3. Team should be involved in business plan so that that the planning and its implement would be better. The common elements of business plan including Executive summary, vision, company description, action plan, market position, product or services, operation, marketing/ sales, financial information. So if all these information are available for entire team for the business plan, team contribution would be increased. . Budgeting process should involve feedback from all key stakeholders. Apart from the intimate knowledge, team members have of operation, involving them will make them know and understand what you are trying to achieve. If they are involved in target setting, they are more likely to accept the targets and be motivated to perform. The budgets including Revenue budget, expense budget, profit budget, cash budget, capital expenditure budget, variable budgets should be properly fixed out and the forecasting and its utilization should be properly managed. 7. Success of organisation depends upon its planning and implementation. Planning plays vital role as what ever is planned the ultimate destination of the company as well as workplace information systems. Planning is directly associated with the organisational aim or goal, it becomes necessary that planning would be effective and its implementation can be carried out efficiently. With only one development phase remaining before the new system is to put into use, managers and information specialists have a good understanding of the work necessary to implementation plan. This planning process should be a function of line management, at least as far as key decisions or alternative plans are concerned. The systems analyst may prepare plans to assist managers, but managers must have the last say. At the same time, managers require the services of the systems analyst to detail plans. The major strategies involved in implementation of plans, tasks, or milestones, can be discussed as following: a. planning implementation activities should be carried out in taking consideration of the aim or purpose of company, information systems and the occupational health and safety; b. nnouncing the implementation is to be done so as to inform the employees of the decision to implement the new system and to ask for the employees’ cooperation ; c. organising for implementation can be described as assigning the project and information managers as well as all the new facilities including offices and information resources and equipments; d. acquiring resources, facil ities and offices including the installation of a new system to replacea currentone and major revision of the facilities; e. btaining the hardware resources; it plays major role in information systems as it would be the equipment for the management of workplace information including computers; f. Obtaining the software resources; Information managers are assign with the responsibility of the management of software required for all the information systems. The software like intranet, company websites, database should be obtained and managed by the managers; g. preparing the database; data base should be designed according to the need of the information system of the organisation; h. ducating and training the participants and users; and i. the cutover to new system. The plans should list all subtasks for each of these major tasks so that individuals in the organisation may be assigned specific responsibilities. Developing good user documentation is an important part of the implementat ion process. Documentation is extremely important in diagnosing errors and marking changes, especially if end users or systems analyst that developed the system are no longer with the organisation. The documentation of manual IS may consist of: . Announce the implementation 3. Organise for implementation 4. Acquire resources, facilities and offices 5. Obtain resources-hardware 6. Obtain resources-softwares 7. Prepare the database 8. Educate and train the participants and users Managing the contingency plans should be prepared to address an unexpected change to the plan of the organisation and information systems. So managers should prepare the plans required in case of change like industrial disputes, supply problems, loss of a key customer, and fire damage to key equipment. The effective management of contingency plans would be : a. to identify the internal and external factor in the organisation that can cause a significant change to happen to the organisation b. ask a series of ‘what if †¦. ’ question around those factors that affect your organisation c. brainstorm some suggestions on how you could best meet those situations with no, or minimum, disruption to your business d. briefly record these plans and file in case of need. It will benefit you update these plans each year as part of your normal planning or budgeting process. 8. Resources plays important role in the organisational information systems as they are the basics of the information. So managing the equipments, like hardware software, databases etc. should be done. To do these resource proposals and estimates of the resources should be developed. For this, consultation should be carried out with the stakeholders and proposals should match the organisational business plans and organisational goal. The installation of a new system too replace a current on may require a major revision of facilities as well as completely new offices, computer rooms, and production layouts. The project manager must prepare rough layouts and estimates and submit a proposal for approval. Facilities and space planning should begin as soon as approval of gross space allocations has been obtained. the urgency for such planning is two-fold. First here may be a long lead-time if new partitions, electrical work, air conditioning and even new building are required. Second, the detailed workflow depends upon the physical arrangements of building. The training personnel will be more successful if their operations are base on exact physical relationships mong the people and the equipment in the work processes. Hardware resources: The system design is made available to the suppliers of the type of computing equipment contained in the approved configuration. Each supplier is provided with the request for proposal. The description of the system design enables the suppliers to select those computing units that will d the best job. The installation schedule tells the suppliers when the equipment must be delivered and made ready for use. When suppliers choose to complete for the order, they each prepare a written proposal. When all the proposal have been received and analysed, the steering committee selects the suppliers. The information specialists provide support for this decision by studying the proposals and making recommendations. With the acquisitions approved, the firm places the order. Software Resources: When a firm decides to create its own application software, the programmer uses the documentqation prepared by the systems analysts as the starting point. The programmer may prepare more detailed documentation, such as structured English or program flowcharts. The coding is performed and the programs are tested. The end products is a software library of the application programs. 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The project for the Blacktown solar cities is running from 2006 to 2013 and this business plan has been developed in the context of the solar city vision for the promotion of solar cities products. As planning and development section of Blacktown city council are committed to the conservation, restoration and enhancement of an environment which plays an important role in balancing the social, economic and environmental imperatives in Blacktown city. This initiative has the aim to promote solar products that reflect the Council’s positive vision towards environment. The initiative is to train and equip a team of consultants who will promote solar products offered by Blacktown council as a solar city initiative. This team will conduct home interest in the range of solar products and encourage people for using these solar products so that they could get reasonable benefits as well as contribute towards the environment. The members of this team will inform and register the potential consumers of the council’s range of products. The timing period of this initiative is one year after which it will be reviewed for its inclusion onto 2010-2011 Blacktown council’s management budget. The estimated cost of this initiative is $53,705. Details of expenditure are listed as facts in the action plan summary. As the total budget allocation for health and environment services for 2009-2010 is $1,676,128. With its help Blacktown residents, business and community organisations save money by using energy more wisely, contribute towards environment, saving energy and generating their own energy then it should be considered worthwhile. This initiative is taken in response to a lack of formally recruited consultants who will be promoting the Solar City products in the Blacktown area. The types of products being promoted includes different packages that will be provided featuring solar PV, solar hot water, energy efficiency, free energy audits, smart meters, demand management, cost reflective pricing and innovative financing which would be easy, economic, effective and efficient. 2. Vision: The ‘promotion of Solar City Products’ initiative is consistent with the Solar City Vision of the Blacktown Council. This is outlined below: Blacktown Solar City Facts Blacktown City is the first Solar City in New South Wales. With funding under the Australian Government’s $75 million Solar Cities initiative, the Blacktown Solar City consortium is working with industry, businesses and the local community to rethink the way they produce and use energy. PRACTICAL BENEFITS OF SOLAR CITY VISION FOR THE LOCAL COMMUNITY †¢ Over one megawatt of solar electricity technology will be installed on private and public housing and on commercial and iconic buildings, which saves a lot of electricity which could be sold to the foreign country to have a good national income as well would be supplied to the remote part of the country. †¢ Financial solutions will be available to help consumers finance their solar systems so that there will be no financial problems for it. †¢ About 5000 job vacancy will be created so as to fight with the current job losses and economic downturn in the country. More than 2,100 solar water heaters will be installed in private and public housing, which will help to reduce the bill as well as use right source of energy. †¢ 3,500 energy efficiency consultations for households and businesses which would serve people. †¢ 30,000 energy efficinency packs will be available for households and commercial customers, to support their energy efficient choices. †¢ Offering 1,000 customers the opportunity to adopt pricing structures that allow them to save money by changing the times they use energy. 200 households will receive discounted ceiling insulation packages to participate in a trial to measure energy savings from properly installed insulation. †¢ A trial giving energy providers direct access to air conditioner and pool pump switches will be conducted during periods of peak electricity demand. †¢ 4,000 smart meters will give residential customers timely information on energy use. 3. PROFILE OF BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL: Blacktown city council is just 35 km from the Sydney CBD. It is a home to over 295,000 people making it as the largest local government area in New South Wales. Blacktown city population is spread across 46 suburbs. The 12 industrial estates, 2 major retail centres and 30 local retail and commercial centres are providing employment for more than 100,000 multicultural and varied diverse individuals. Five leisure centres, four libraries , over 20 child care facilities, as well as high profile clubs, tourism , sporting, entertainment, accommodation, conference and other recreational facilities and some 850 parks and reserves are fulfilling the demands of leisure and lifestyle, and arts and entertainment of local people. The council has a debt free budget of over $275 million. 15 councillors including Mayer of Blacktown city are running the council. This council is highly efficient in waste management and strongly protective of our environment. This council was awarded the state’s most prestigious local government award for performing to the highest standards of excellence in public services. 4. ACTION PLAN |Long Term Goal |To promote the range of Solar Products provided by Blacktown Council in the city of Blacktown by | | |2010. |Short to Medium Term Objectives |To train and equip 15 consultants to represent the range of Solar Products offered by Blacktown | | |Council. | | |To Support a team of consultants to inform and register potential consumers of the Blacktown | | |council’s range of Solar Products. | Strategies over next 1 |Actions to achieve Key Results |Expenditure |Timing |Responsibility | | |year | | | | | | |Recruit and determine |Planning for all activities: Advertisement , | |June 01-june09 |Human resources, | | |Training needs of |training, managing people, interviewing, | | |15 engineers. | | |Consultants Team. |workshops etc. | | |External | | | |Salary for working 2 days Per week or 15 |$30*15*16 hrs |June09-june10 |organisation for | | | |consultants |$70*6hrs*4days |June*4 days |all those | | | |Training with the operation of solar panels |$35*4hrs*2days |July*2days |activities | | | |and solar technology |$30*15stud |July*6hrs |including, | | | |Training in council code of conduct. $80*15stud |July*6hrs |trainer, | | | |TAFE course: 24962A customer service |$775*15stud |June*16hrs |advertisement | | | |Laptop computer course | | |agents, | | | |Consulting workshop(consultant training | | |interviewer, | | | |Australia) | | |trainer | | |Determine and implement |Council uniforms:$10/shirt*5shirts(each |$50 |July |Team leader, | | |facilities and equipment |working day). 50 /pair of pants *5(each |$250 |July |purchase | | |ofr Consultants Teamà ¢â‚¬â„¢s |working day) | |July |department | | |home visits |Paper copy contract |$15000 |July | | | | |Toshiba laptops at $1000ea*15 |$720 |July | | | | |Sample kits containing pamphlet and DVD |$1500 | | | | | |showcase at $5ea* 10kits *15 consultants. $33750 |July | | | | |Nokia Mobile pone $100 ea |$3750 |july | | | | |Council fleet car/ Petrol card 45*15*50 weeks | | | | | |3. Determine and | |$3582 | | | |implement support systes |Wireless internet for support(unwired | |July09-June10. |Engineers, external | |to enable the consultants|internet)$19. 0/month x15x 12 months | | |sources | |team’s home visit | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5. Key Aims, objectives and benefits to be gained: a. Savings of over 22 gigawatt-hours of electricity annually. b. Contribution to the national economic growth and fight against job losses. c. Reduced greenhouse emissions by more than 24000 tonnes each year which would contribute on the environment. d. Annual savings of $3 million in electricity bills for the Blacktown City community. e. Valuable information and lessons learned will inform energy and greenhouse policies. f. Use of perpetual source of energy and contribution towards safe and healthy environment. g. Increasing the economy of Blacktown as well as Australia. 6. Capital and other requirements: The total expenditure for the action plan would be utilised to implement the plan. So the capital amount would be required to be $100,000 as $81,037 would be the total expenditure in performing the above mentioned activities in the case of implementing the action plan. Within the capital amount, the expenditure should be satisfied fulfilling all necessary equipments including laptops, personal office setups, salaries, training etc. 7. TIMELINE: As the whole project of Blacktown solar city has got a big timeline of 7 years from 2006 to 2013. But it is for the completion of the project. This action plan for project of solar city should be completed within 2010. When starting from June 1, the starting or the implementing the action plan would take up to July 30. But this is just the starting of the implementation of the action plan. The entire year left from July till 2010 would include the implementation, which would include the working days for team of 15 members of engineers. 8. RESEARCH UNDERTAKEN AND DATA COLLECTION: A research undertaken includes the survey conducted in the Blacktown city. The survey through telephone, direct conversation, Feedback from the website, consultation with the analysts of the Blacktown city council also with all the staffs, public areas, e-mail, mailbox etc. can be done to collect the data and know the weakness area and the strong ponit. The data collection in the database would also includes the feedbacks with recommendations, which can be reviewed for the change in strategies and plan for the Blacktown solar city. 9. VERIFICATION OF DATA: The forth coming data collected from the overall survey is needed to be verified. All of those data should be checked and confirmed that those data would give the idea that what brings the clear concepts of the public vision and city council can know what they want and how they want. So this data must be review by the approved person in the organisation who can sort out the issues relating the data collection through the researched. This data is send to the team manager or the chief engineer for review. 10. FINANCIAL CALCULATION AND CAPITAL SOURCES: Blacktown City Council is dedicated to providing residents with the best possible living and working environments, as well as making plans for the future that promote the interests of those who live, work and play in the City. The 2009-2012 Management Plan (including 09/10 Budget) was adopted by Council on the 17 of June 2009. It outlines how Council will allocate it's resources to service the City in a financially responsible and equitable manner, to ensure quality services and resources are delivered to our community. Based on the expenditure, the capital amount which is the direct source from the budget is to be outlined. Blacktown city council expanses in the field of solar city project are about $100,000 and which includes $53,705 for the initiatives and remaining of the budget is to be modified or reviewed by the chief engineer or the team leader, So that the proper utilization of budget is carried out. 11. RECOMMENDATIONS: This proposal recommends that the idea behind implementing the project, Blacktown solar city is the best thing to do by a local government like Blacktown city council. The benefits of solar products such as solar water heater, solar PV, etc to the people would certainly encourage the Blacktown city resident for contributing in environment conservation and global warming reduction. This projects should run not only on the Blacktown premises but should be carried out in whole world so that every one in the world would get benefit of it and we could see better future. Conclusion: The above mentioned facts of theoretical way of managing workplace information systems and their practicable application in the Blacktown city councils’ solar city project would satisfies all the basics required for the management of workplace information systems. Bibliography: 1. www. blacktown. nsw. com. au 2. www. integral. com. au 3. Handouts given in the class about the case study of blacktown city council. THE END