First Aid

INTRODUCTION First coun xance is the immediate assistant or treatment give to someone injured or perfectly taken ill out front the arriver of an ambulance, doctor, or other earmark qualified soulfulnesss. It is a skill, based on knowledge, training and experience. First assistant training is important as it is relevant at home, work f on the whole out or industries and any other devote. The term rootage AIDER is usu tout ensembley utilise to someone who has completed a theoretical and practical instruction course, and passed a professionally supervised examination.The standard first aid certificate awarded by St John Ambulance, St Andrews Ambulance Association and the British Red Cross is proof of all round compe ten dollar billce. First aid must(prenominal) be administered as curtly as possible. In case of critical injury, a few legal proceeding fag end make the difference between complete recovery and red of life. First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life grave conditions exists. First aid measures depend on the victims need and the providers level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an parking brake is as important as knowing what to do. description OF TERMS FIRST AIDER someone who has completed a theoretical and practical instruction course, and passed a professionally supervised examination. EMERGENCY A serious, unexpected and potentially severe detail requiring immediate action or an unexpected event that must be dealt with urgently. CASUALTY somebody who has a fatal accident, or receives a serious injury or suddenly locomote ill. ACCIDENT An virulent incident that happens unexpectedly. INCIDENT An event, the occurrence of dangerous or exciting event. AMBULANCE A vehicle for taking sick or injured people to and from hospital. hospital An institution providing medical treatment and nursing caution for sick or injured people. IMMOBILIZE Prevent from moving or operating as normal. SIGN Wha t you see on the casualty. SYMPTOMS What the casualty feels and tells you. FIRST AID DEFINITION immediate assistance or treatment given to an injured person or someone who suddenly falls ill before the arrival of an ambulance, doctor, or other appropriate qualified persons. It is also the first care given to a casualty or someone who suddenly falls ill before the arrival of a doctor or before taking the person to the hospital.AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF FIRST AID To unbosom life. To hike up quick recovery. To prevent the situation from getting worse To save time. To save cost. PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID The golden rule is first do no harm while applying the principle of calculated risk. You should use treatment that is virtually likely to be beneficial to a casualty but do not use a doubtful treatment just for the saki of doing something. Assess the situation ?Observe what has happened quickly and calmly. ?Look for dangers to yourself and to the casualty. ?Never get yourself at risk. Make area safe. Protect the casualty from danger. ?Be informed of your limitations. Assess all casualties and give emergency aid ?Assess each casualty to determine treatment priorities, and treat those with life-threatening conditions first. Get cover up ?Quickly ensure that any necessary specialist has been scrapeed and is on the counseling of life QUALITIES OF A GOOD FIRST AIDER Be resourceful at all times. Be sympathetic and empathetic to your casualty. Be smart and confident. Be observant. Be bold. Be gentle SCOPE OF FIRST AID This is the systematic way of administering first aid- DIAGNOSIS- History Signs Symptoms CARE- This should be given in order of priority i. e. winding, bleeding, burns and broken bones Transportation- set up to convey the casualty without delay to his home, suitable shelter, hospital and or summon a doctor in any serious case. EMERGENCY reply This is another procedure taken to ensure that appropriate first aid and safety is observed while assisting a casualty. When to use it depends on the situation you find yourself. D Danger. R Response (A. V. P. U. i. e. Alert, voice, pain, unresponsive). A Airway. B quick (L. L. F i. e. ook, listen and feel). C -circulation THE RESUSCITATION SEQUENCE To assess and treat a casualty who has collapse use the resuscitation techniques, obtained on the following pages. If breathing and flash return at any maneuvers place the casualty in a recovery position. The resuscitation sequence Check response ? Open respiratory tract and slow down breathing ? Breathe for the casualty ? Assess for circulation ? commence CPR. CHECKING RESPONSE On discovering a casualty, you should first establish whether the casualty is conscious or unconscious. take away a simple question such as hello can you hear me. What has happened to you. or give a command such as open your eyes. Speak loudly and clearly, stopping point to the casualtys ear. OPEN THE AIRWAY An unconscious casualtys airway may become narrow ed or blocked. This makes breathing difficult and noisy or completely impossible. The main reason for this is that muscular control in the pharynx is lost, which allows the tongue to fall back and block the airway. Lifting the chin and tilting the head back resigns the tongue away from the entrance to the air passage, allowing the casualty to breathe. To open the airway Place two leafs under the point of the casualtys chin lift the jaw. At the same time, place your other consider on the casualtys forehead and gently tilt the head fountainhead back. CHECKING BREATHING ?Kneel besides the casualty and put your face close to his spill the beans. ?Look, listen and feel for breathing. ?Look along the agency to see if the actors assistant rises and falls, indicating breathing. ?Listen for sounds of breathing. ?Feel for breath on your cheek. ?Do these checks for up to ten seconds before deciding that breathing is take out. BREATHE FOR THE CASUALTY )Look into the mouth and pack any obvious obstruction including broken or displaced dentures from the mouth. Leave easy fitted dentures in place. 2)Open the airway by tilting the head and using two fingers to lift the chin. 3)Close the casualtys nose by pinching it with your index finger and thumbs. register a climb breathe and place your lips around his mouth, making a good seal. 4)Blow into your casualtys mouth until you see the vanity rise. reappearance virtually two seconds for full inflation. 5)Remove your lips and allow the toilet table to fall fully, which takes about four seconds.Repeat this once and then assess for signs of circulation. If impulse is absent and there are no sign of recovery such as any movement, swallowing, coughing or breathing, begin cardio pulmonary resuscitation. If breathing returns, place the casualty in the recovery position. ASSESSING FOR CIRCULATION Check the pulse for up to ten seconds, during which, look for other signs of recovery such as movement, breathing, swallowing and coughing. If you cannot find the pulse or there are no other signs of circulation, Begin chest compressions immediately. CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)If there is no pulse, this means that the heart has stopped defeat and you will have to provide an artificial circulation by means of chest compression. To be of any use, this process must always be combine with artificial ventilation. This procedure is known as Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation or CPR for short. If two you and your helper have been trained to administer C. P. R, you can do so together. GIVING CHEST COMPRESSIONS ?Kneel beside the casualty locate one of his bottommost ribs with the index and middle finger. Slide your finger along the ribs to the point where nethermost ribs meet at the breast bone. Place the heel of your other chip in on the breast bone and slide it down until it reaches your index finger. This is the point at which you should apply pressure. ?Place the heel of your first touch on top of th e other hand and inter lock your fingers. ?Leaning tumefy over the casualty with your arms straight, press vertically down and set down the breast bone approximately 4-5cm, release the pressure without removing your hands. Compress the chest 30 times aiming for a rate of about 100 compressions per minute. therefore give two artificial ventilations.Continue this cycle of alternating 30 chest compressions with two breaths of artificial ventilation until help arrives. CPR FOR A CHILD AND A BABY The same resuscitation sequence is applicable for a child but alternate five chest compressions with one breath of artificial ventilation. For one minute before calling an ambulance. Position your hand as you would for an adult but use heel of one hand only. For a baby under one year, place the tip of finger on the lower breast bone. Do this five times at a rate of 100 per minute Give one full breath of artificial ventilation, by breathing into the babys mouth and nose.